Review of Motion Simulation of Particulate Matter in the Respiratory System and Further CFD Simulations on COVID-19

Respirable particulate matter (RSP) is currently very harmful to the human body, potentially causing pulmonary silicosis, allergic rhinitis, acute bronchitis, and pulmonary heart disease. Therefore, the study of the deposition pattern of RSP in the human respiratory system is key in the prevention, treatment, and research of related diseases, whereby the main methods are computer simulation, in vitro solid models, and theoretical analysis. This paper summarizes and analyzes past deposition of RSP in the respiratory tract and also describes them in specific case studies such as COPD and COVID-19 patients, based on the review of the evidence, direction, and focus of future research focusing on simulation, experimentation, and related applications of RSP deposition in the respiratory tract. © 2023 by the authors.

Lecturers’ And Students’ Acceptance Of Using Technology-Based Teaching AIDS (TTAs) When Teaching Ulum Hadith During The Covid-19 Pandemic

The COVID-19 Pandemic poses new challenges to those who intend to adopt a new teaching norm based on online learning. Some of the mediums involved in technology-based teaching aids (TTAs) are Google Meet, Google Classroom, Zoom Meetings, Microsoft Teams and Webex Meeting by CISCO. This study aims to examine the acceptance of lecturers and students on the use of TTAs during the Ulum Hadith course at several Institutes of Higher Learning (IHL) in Northern Malaysia. This qualitative design study only examined the implementation of online learning involving the Ulum Hadith course. Data were collected through interviews, observations and document analysis. The study sample comprised 13 lecturers, who acted as the main informants and 18 students from three IHL pursuing the Ulum Hadith course. Findings indicate a variety of TTAs were used during the teaching and learning sessions in order to attract the attention and active involvement of students during the pursuit of the Ulum Hadith course. Lecturers and students had a positive outlook towards TTA based on the increased frequency of TTAs used during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to before that period. Hence, it is suggested that lecturers should frequently update themselves on the latest developments in TTA so that the learning process occurs smoothly even though the world is presently faced with some challenging circumstances. © 2022, Auricle Global Society of Education and Research. All rights reserved.

Association of inflammatory biomarkers with the severity of covid-19 patients

Objective: The main objective of the study is to find the association of inflammatory markers with the severity of COVID-19. Study Design: Analytical Study Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at the Al Aleem Medical College Lahore with the collaboration of LGH, Lahore during April 2020 to July 2020. Materials and Methods: The data was collected from 200 patients, having confirm COVID-19 through real time PCR. Patients were divided into two categories, one was mild and second was severe. Those patients who have mild symptoms of COVID fall into the group A and those who was with severe condition, fall in Group B. Results: The data was collected from 200 COVID-19 confirmed patients. The mean age of Mild group patients was 37.25±5.45 years and 50.0±6.75 years for sever group. There were 87 males and 43 females in mild group and 58 males and 12 females in severe group. There were 1.5% deaths occur due to mild symptoms of COVID-19 and 10% deaths were due to severe condition. There were 109 (83.8%) patients have fever in mild condition and 58 (82.8%) in sever condition. Conclusion: It is concluded that most of the patients with confirmed COVID-19 has increased values of inflammatory markers.

Investigation of coronavirus deposition in realistic human nasal cavity and impact of social distancing to contain COVID-19: A computational fluid dynamic approach

The novel coronavirus responsible for COVID-19 has spread to several countries within a considerably short period. The virus gets deposited in the human nasal cavity and moves to the lungs that might be fatal. As per safety guidelines by the World Health Organization (WHO), social distancing has emerged as one of the major factors to avoid the spread of infection. However, different guidelines are being followed across the countries with regards to what should be the safe distance. Thus, the current work is an attempt to understand the virus deposition pattern in the realistic human nasal cavity and also to find the impact of distance that could be termed as a safety measure. This study is performed using Computational Fluid Dynamics as a solution tool to investigate the impact of COVID-19 deposition (i) On a realistic 3D human upper airway model and (ii) 2D social distancing protocol for a distance of 0.6, 1.2, 1.8, and 2.4 m. The results revealed that the regional deposition flux within the nasal cavity was predominantly observed in the external nasal cavity and nasopharyngeal section. Frequent flushing of these regions with saltwater substitutes can limit contamination in healthy individuals. The safe distancing limit estimated with 1 m/s airflow was about 1.8 m. The extensive deposition was observed for distances less than 1.8 m in this study, emphasizing the fact that social distancing advisories are not useful and do not take into account the external dynamics associated with airflow. © 2020 Tech Science Press. All rights reserved.